{
  "dataset": "energy_headline_figures",
  "as_of_date": "2026-10-01",
  "generated_at": "2026-10-09T00:51:16+00:00",
  "description": "Hero and summary figures for the Nuclear Atlas, each read from a named row of the OWID energy dataset.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (legacy GitHub release)",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "accessed": "2026-10-09",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0 for OWID's processing; underlying third-party data keeps its own licence",
      "commit": "f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c",
      "commit_date": "2026-10-01T17:44:28+02:00",
      "file_mtime_utc": "2026-10-09",
      "schema": "legacy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (global and Europe)",
      "url": "https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/",
      "accessed": "2026-10-09",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (stated on ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/; attribution to Ember required)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy",
      "url": "https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review/",
      "accessed": "2026-10-09",
      "licence": "Energy Institute terms of use apply (attribution required; check the EI site before redistribution)"
    },
    {
      "name": "OWID population dataset (used for per-capita figures)",
      "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources",
      "accessed": "2026-10-09",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
    }
  ],
  "fields": {
    "figures[].value": "number read from source_row",
    "figures[].year": "data year of the value",
    "figures[].source_row": "country / year / source column the value was read from",
    "figures[].confidence": "high = closed year; medium = latest year (may be revised)"
  },
  "known_gaps": [
    "Electricity columns (Ember) run to 2025 for World; latest electricity year per country (number of ISO3 countries): none: 6, 2025: 90, 2024: 106, 2023: 16, 2022: 1, 2009: 1.",
    "Primary-energy columns (Energy Institute) end in 2024 in this file; the legacy GitHub release is frozen and will not receive the Statistical Review 2026 (2025 data).",
    "Ukraine: Ember has not published country data after 2022, so the nuclear series stops in 2022.",
    "Entities without an ISO3 code other than the listed aggregates (e.g. Kosovo, OWID continents, income groups) are excluded.",
    "Ember aims to report gross generation (Eurostat annual data for Europe, incl. plant auxiliary consumption); national TSO statistics such as RTE publish net production, so country figures here can be ~5% above national statistics (see the France cross-check in docs/data/country_energy.md).",
    "Latest-year values are partly estimated by Ember from monthly data and may be revised; missing latest-year net imports are carried forward by Ember."
  ],
  "cross_checks": {
    "performed_on": "2026-10-09",
    "method": "Independent published figures were fetched with a web-fetch tool and compared with the rows in data/country_energy_timeseries.json (OWID energy-data commit f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c, 2026-10-01). All differences are computed from the quoted figures; nothing is estimated.",
    "checks": [
      {
        "id": "world_nuclear_2025",
        "question": "Is OWID/Ember's world nuclear share and generation for 2025 consistent with independent publications?",
        "dataset_values": {
          "entity": "World",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_share_elec_pct": 8.849,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2811.57,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh_2024": 2777.11,
          "nuclear_change_twh": 34.46,
          "nuclear_change_pct": 1.24,
          "carbon_intensity_gco2eq_per_kwh": 458.29,
          "carbon_intensity_2024": 471.08,
          "low_carbon_share_elec_pct": 42.61,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 31772.35
        },
        "comparisons": [
          {
            "source": "Ember – Global Electricity Review 2026, chapter '2025 in review'",
            "url": "https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2026/2025-in-review/",
            "accessed": "2026-10-09",
            "quoted": [
              "Nuclear power rose moderately by 35 TWh (+1.3%)",
              "the average kilowatt hour produced globally resulted in emissions of 458 gCO2e, 2.7% less than in 2024",
              "renewables (33.8%, 10,730 TWh) overtook coal power (33.0%, 10,476 TWh)"
            ],
            "nuclear_share_stated": null,
            "result": "Consistent. Year-on-year nuclear change 35 TWh / +1.3% vs dataset 34.46 TWh / +1.24% (rounding). Carbon intensity 458 vs 458.29 gCO2e/kWh, -2.7% vs -2.72%. Renewables and coal shares imply a world total of about 31,745 TWh vs dataset 31,772 TWh (0.1%). The page does not print the nuclear share itself. Same underlying producer (Ember), so this confirms OWID's transcription rather than providing an independent measurement."
          },
          {
            "source": "World Nuclear Association – World Nuclear Outlook Report 2026, 'Global highlights for 2025' (page updated 2026-09-09)",
            "url": "https://world-nuclear.org/our-association/publications/world-nuclear-outlook-report/global-highlights-for-2025-world-nuclear-outlook-report-2026",
            "accessed": "2026-10-09",
            "quoted": [
              "Nuclear reactors supplied a total of 2702 TWh of electricity in 2025",
              "up 35 TWh from 2667 TWh in 2024",
              "Nuclear generation supplied 9% of the world's electricity in 2025",
              "with nuclear generation around 2800 TWh (gross)"
            ],
            "nuclear_share_stated": "9%",
            "result": "Share consistent (8.85% rounds to 9%). Level differs: 2,702 TWh (WNA, reactor-level net output) vs 2,811.57 TWh (dataset), a gap of 109.57 TWh or 4.1%; WNA's own chart note puts gross generation at about 2,800 TWh, matching the dataset. The year-on-year change is identical (+35 TWh). Difference is net (WNA/IAEA PRIS) vs gross (Ember) generation."
          },
          {
            "source": "IEA – Global Energy Review 2026, 'Electricity supply'",
            "url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2026/electricity-supply",
            "accessed": "2026-10-09",
            "quoted": [
              "Output grew by 1.2% in 2025",
              "low-emissions sources (renewables and nuclear), which reached 43% in 2025",
              "Global electricity generation increased by over 850 TWh in 2025"
            ],
            "nuclear_share_stated": "EU 23%, United States 18%, advanced economies 16%, emerging/developing close to 5% (no world share printed)",
            "result": "Consistent. Nuclear growth 1.2% vs 1.24%; low-emissions share 43% vs 42.61%; generation growth 'over 850 TWh' vs 842.12 TWh (dataset 31,772.35 - 30,930.23). EU nuclear share 23% vs 23.33%. US 18% vs 17.36% (IEA likely rounds a gross-generation share; 0.6 pp gap)."
          }
        ],
        "verdict": "PASS – world nuclear share 8.85% (2025) is consistent with WNA's '9%'; growth and carbon intensity match Ember and IEA to rounding. Users quoting absolute TWh should state 'gross generation (Ember)'; reactor-level net output per IAEA PRIS/WNA is about 4% lower."
      },
      {
        "id": "france_nuclear_2025",
        "question": "Does France's nuclear share/generation in the dataset agree with the French TSO RTE?",
        "dataset_values": {
          "entity": "France",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 392.07,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 569.98,
          "nuclear_share_elec_pct": 68.787,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh_2024": 380.45,
          "net_elec_imports_twh": -93.32
        },
        "comparisons": [
          {
            "source": "RTE – Bilan électrique 2025 (published 2026-02-25), as reported by Banque des Territoires",
            "url": "https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/la-consommation-delectricite-stable-en-2025-en-france-selon-rte",
            "primary_report_url": "https://assets.rte-france.com/analyse-et-donnees/2026-03/BE2025%20-%20Rapport%20Complet.pdf",
            "accessed": "2026-10-09",
            "quoted": [
              "La production totale d'électricité en France a légèrement crû en 2025, à 547,5 térawattheures (TWh).",
              "La production nucléaire a augmenté (373,0 TWh, soit +11,3 TWh par rapport à 2024).",
              "atteignant 451 TWh (+0,4% par rapport à 2024)"
            ],
            "derived": {
              "rte_nuclear_share_pct": 68.13,
              "rte_nuclear_2024_twh_implied": 361.7
            },
            "result": "Nuclear generation: dataset 392.07 TWh vs RTE 373.0 TWh (+19.07 TWh, +5.1%). Total generation: 569.98 vs 547.5 TWh (+22.48 TWh, +4.1%). Nuclear share: 68.79% vs 68.13% (+0.66 pp). 2024: dataset 380.45 vs RTE-implied 361.7 TWh (+5.2%). The ratio is stable across years and sources."
          },
          {
            "source": "Ember – Electricity Data Methodology (PDF)",
            "url": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/ember_electricity_data_methodology.pdf",
            "accessed": "2026-10-09",
            "quoted": [
              "We aim to report all annual generation data as gross generation.",
              "Annual electricity generation and net imports are taken from Eurostat.",
              "ENTSO-E reports net generation, excluding auxiliary power."
            ],
            "result": "Explains the gap: Ember/Eurostat figures are gross generation (including plant auxiliary consumption); RTE publishes net production injected into the grid. Nuclear plants' auxiliary load (~5%) is above the system average, so the nuclear share is also slightly higher on a gross basis."
          }
        ],
        "verdict": "PASS with explanation – France 2025 nuclear share 68.8% (gross, Ember/OWID) vs 68.1% (net, RTE); generation 392.1 vs 373.0 TWh. Difference is gross vs net generation, not a data error. When quoting RTE alongside this dataset, label the basis."
      }
    ]
  },
  "figures": [
    {
      "id": "world_nuclear_share_elec",
      "label": "Nuclear share of world electricity generation",
      "entity": "World",
      "year": 2025,
      "value": 8.849,
      "unit": "%",
      "previous_year": {
        "year": 2024,
        "value": 8.979
      },
      "source_row": {
        "country": "World",
        "year": 2025,
        "column": "nuclear_share_elec"
      },
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "notes": "World aggregate as published by OWID (built from Ember's global data). Latest year; may be revised by the source."
    },
    {
      "id": "world_nuclear_electricity_twh",
      "label": "World nuclear electricity generation",
      "entity": "World",
      "year": 2025,
      "value": 2811.57,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "previous_year": {
        "year": 2024,
        "value": 2777.11
      },
      "source_row": {
        "country": "World",
        "year": 2025,
        "column": "nuclear_electricity"
      },
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "notes": "World aggregate as published by OWID (built from Ember's global data). Latest year; may be revised by the source."
    },
    {
      "id": "world_electricity_generation_twh",
      "label": "World electricity generation",
      "entity": "World",
      "year": 2025,
      "value": 31772.35,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "previous_year": {
        "year": 2024,
        "value": 30930.23
      },
      "source_row": {
        "country": "World",
        "year": 2025,
        "column": "electricity_generation"
      },
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "notes": "World aggregate as published by OWID (built from Ember's global data). Latest year; may be revised by the source."
    },
    {
      "id": "world_carbon_intensity_elec",
      "label": "World carbon intensity of electricity (lifecycle)",
      "entity": "World",
      "year": 2025,
      "value": 458.29,
      "unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
      "previous_year": {
        "year": 2024,
        "value": 471.08
      },
      "source_row": {
        "country": "World",
        "year": 2025,
        "column": "carbon_intensity_elec"
      },
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "notes": "World aggregate as published by OWID (built from Ember's global data). Latest year; may be revised by the source."
    },
    {
      "id": "world_low_carbon_share_elec",
      "label": "Low-carbon (nuclear + renewables) share of world electricity",
      "entity": "World",
      "year": 2025,
      "value": 42.61,
      "unit": "%",
      "previous_year": {
        "year": 2024,
        "value": 40.914
      },
      "source_row": {
        "country": "World",
        "year": 2025,
        "column": "low_carbon_share_elec"
      },
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "notes": "World aggregate as published by OWID (built from Ember's global data). Latest year; may be revised by the source."
    },
    {
      "id": "world_fossil_share_elec",
      "label": "Fossil share of world electricity",
      "entity": "World",
      "year": 2025,
      "value": 57.39,
      "unit": "%",
      "previous_year": {
        "year": 2024,
        "value": 59.086
      },
      "source_row": {
        "country": "World",
        "year": 2025,
        "column": "fossil_share_elec"
      },
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "notes": "World aggregate as published by OWID (built from Ember's global data). Latest year; may be revised by the source."
    },
    {
      "id": "world_nuclear_share_primary_energy",
      "label": "Nuclear share of world primary energy (substitution method, EI)",
      "entity": "World",
      "year": 2024,
      "value": 3.921,
      "unit": "%",
      "previous_year": {
        "year": 2023,
        "value": 3.909
      },
      "source_row": {
        "country": "World",
        "year": 2024,
        "column": "nuclear_share_energy"
      },
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "high",
      "notes": "World aggregate as published by OWID (built from Ember's global data)."
    },
    {
      "id": "countries_with_nuclear_generation",
      "label": "Number of countries with nuclear electricity generation > 0",
      "value": 32,
      "unit": "countries",
      "year": "latest available per country",
      "basis": "ISO3 countries; latest year with a nuclear value per country (years differ, listed per country)",
      "countries": [
        {
          "country": "United States",
          "iso_code": "USA",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 784.78
        },
        {
          "country": "China",
          "iso_code": "CHN",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 487.61
        },
        {
          "country": "France",
          "iso_code": "FRA",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 392.07
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "iso_code": "RUS",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 218.65
        },
        {
          "country": "South Korea",
          "iso_code": "KOR",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 184.67
        },
        {
          "country": "Japan",
          "iso_code": "JPN",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 94.09
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "iso_code": "CAN",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 85.32
        },
        {
          "country": "Ukraine",
          "iso_code": "UKR",
          "year": 2022,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 62.18
        },
        {
          "country": "Spain",
          "iso_code": "ESP",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 54.07
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "iso_code": "IND",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 53.83
        },
        {
          "country": "Sweden",
          "iso_code": "SWE",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 47.1
        },
        {
          "country": "United Arab Emirates",
          "iso_code": "ARE",
          "year": 2024,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 40.63
        },
        {
          "country": "United Kingdom",
          "iso_code": "GBR",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 36.38
        },
        {
          "country": "Finland",
          "iso_code": "FIN",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 32.82
        },
        {
          "country": "Czechia",
          "iso_code": "CZE",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 31.94
        },
        {
          "country": "Belgium",
          "iso_code": "BEL",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 24.11
        },
        {
          "country": "Pakistan",
          "iso_code": "PAK",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 23.71
        },
        {
          "country": "Switzerland",
          "iso_code": "CHE",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 19.42
        },
        {
          "country": "Slovakia",
          "iso_code": "SVK",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 19.33
        },
        {
          "country": "Belarus",
          "iso_code": "BLR",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 16.97
        },
        {
          "country": "Hungary",
          "iso_code": "HUN",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 16.1
        },
        {
          "country": "Brazil",
          "iso_code": "BRA",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 15.87
        },
        {
          "country": "Bulgaria",
          "iso_code": "BGR",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 14.85
        },
        {
          "country": "Argentina",
          "iso_code": "ARG",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 10.76
        },
        {
          "country": "South Africa",
          "iso_code": "ZAF",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 10.21
        },
        {
          "country": "Romania",
          "iso_code": "ROU",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 10.2
        },
        {
          "country": "Mexico",
          "iso_code": "MEX",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 10.16
        },
        {
          "country": "Iran",
          "iso_code": "IRN",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 7.35
        },
        {
          "country": "Slovenia",
          "iso_code": "SVN",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 5.83
        },
        {
          "country": "Netherlands",
          "iso_code": "NLD",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 3.99
        },
        {
          "country": "Taiwan",
          "iso_code": "TWN",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 3.25
        },
        {
          "country": "Armenia",
          "iso_code": "ARM",
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2.62
        }
      ],
      "alternatives": {
        "in_2024_common_year": {
          "value": 31,
          "countries": [
            "United States",
            "China",
            "France",
            "Russia",
            "South Korea",
            "Canada",
            "Japan",
            "India",
            "Spain",
            "Sweden",
            "United Arab Emirates",
            "United Kingdom",
            "Finland",
            "Belgium",
            "Czechia",
            "Switzerland",
            "Pakistan",
            "Slovakia",
            "Hungary",
            "Brazil",
            "Bulgaria",
            "Belarus",
            "Mexico",
            "Taiwan",
            "Romania",
            "Argentina",
            "South Africa",
            "Iran",
            "Slovenia",
            "Netherlands",
            "Armenia"
          ]
        },
        "in_2025_only_countries_with_2025_data": {
          "value": 30,
          "countries": [
            "Argentina",
            "Armenia",
            "Belarus",
            "Belgium",
            "Brazil",
            "Bulgaria",
            "Canada",
            "China",
            "Czechia",
            "Finland",
            "France",
            "Hungary",
            "India",
            "Iran",
            "Japan",
            "Mexico",
            "Netherlands",
            "Pakistan",
            "Romania",
            "Russia",
            "Slovakia",
            "Slovenia",
            "South Africa",
            "South Korea",
            "Spain",
            "Sweden",
            "Switzerland",
            "Taiwan",
            "United Kingdom",
            "United States"
          ]
        }
      },
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "high",
      "notes": "Counts generation reported in the source, not reactor fleets (IAEA PRIS is the authority for operating reactors). Countries whose series stop early (e.g. Ukraine 2022) are included at their last reported year."
    },
    {
      "id": "top10_nuclear_share_latest",
      "label": "Top 10 countries by nuclear share of electricity (latest available year per country)",
      "unit": "%",
      "entries": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "country": "France",
          "iso_code": "FRA",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 68.787,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "country": "Slovakia",
          "iso_code": "SVK",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 66.426,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "country": "Ukraine",
          "iso_code": "UKR",
          "year": 2022,
          "value": 55.762,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "country": "Czechia",
          "iso_code": "CZE",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 42.305,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "country": "Hungary",
          "iso_code": "HUN",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 40.01,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "country": "Finland",
          "iso_code": "FIN",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 39.878,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "country": "Slovenia",
          "iso_code": "SVN",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 39.286,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "country": "Bulgaria",
          "iso_code": "BGR",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 39.12,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "country": "Belarus",
          "iso_code": "BLR",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 36.597,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "country": "Belgium",
          "iso_code": "BEL",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 33.077,
          "unit": "%"
        }
      ],
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "notes": "Years differ between countries (see year); Ukraine appears at its last published year."
    },
    {
      "id": "top10_nuclear_share_2024",
      "label": "Top 10 countries by nuclear share of electricity in 2024 (like-for-like year)",
      "unit": "%",
      "entries": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "country": "France",
          "iso_code": "FRA",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 67.722,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "country": "Slovakia",
          "iso_code": "SVK",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 61.755,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "country": "Hungary",
          "iso_code": "HUN",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 42.158,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "country": "Bulgaria",
          "iso_code": "BGR",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 41.201,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "country": "Belgium",
          "iso_code": "BEL",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 41.113,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "country": "Czechia",
          "iso_code": "CZE",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 40.791,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "country": "Finland",
          "iso_code": "FIN",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 39.491,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "country": "Slovenia",
          "iso_code": "SVN",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 34.949,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "country": "Belarus",
          "iso_code": "BLR",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 34.243,
          "unit": "%"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "country": "Switzerland",
          "iso_code": "CHE",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 30.649,
          "unit": "%"
        }
      ],
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "high",
      "notes": "Countries without a 2024 nuclear value (e.g. Ukraine) are absent."
    },
    {
      "id": "top10_nuclear_twh_latest",
      "label": "Top 10 countries by nuclear electricity generation (latest available year per country)",
      "unit": "TWh",
      "entries": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "country": "United States",
          "iso_code": "USA",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 784.78,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "country": "China",
          "iso_code": "CHN",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 487.61,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "country": "France",
          "iso_code": "FRA",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 392.07,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "country": "Russia",
          "iso_code": "RUS",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 218.65,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "country": "South Korea",
          "iso_code": "KOR",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 184.67,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "country": "Japan",
          "iso_code": "JPN",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 94.09,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "country": "Canada",
          "iso_code": "CAN",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 85.32,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "country": "Ukraine",
          "iso_code": "UKR",
          "year": 2022,
          "value": 62.18,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "country": "Spain",
          "iso_code": "ESP",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 54.07,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "country": "India",
          "iso_code": "IND",
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 53.83,
          "unit": "TWh"
        }
      ],
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "notes": "Years differ between countries (see year)."
    },
    {
      "id": "top10_nuclear_twh_2024",
      "label": "Top 10 countries by nuclear electricity generation in 2024 (like-for-like year)",
      "unit": "TWh",
      "entries": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "country": "United States",
          "iso_code": "USA",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 781.86,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "country": "China",
          "iso_code": "CHN",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 450.85,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "country": "France",
          "iso_code": "FRA",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 380.45,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "country": "Russia",
          "iso_code": "RUS",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 215.71,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "country": "South Korea",
          "iso_code": "KOR",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 188.75,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "country": "Canada",
          "iso_code": "CAN",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 85.47,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "country": "Japan",
          "iso_code": "JPN",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 84.91,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "country": "India",
          "iso_code": "IND",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 54.7,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "country": "Spain",
          "iso_code": "ESP",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 54.53,
          "unit": "TWh"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "country": "Sweden",
          "iso_code": "SWE",
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 50.67,
          "unit": "TWh"
        }
      ],
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "high",
      "notes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "world_nuclear_series",
      "label": "World nuclear generation and share, by year",
      "unit": "TWh / %",
      "series": [
        {
          "year": 2000,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2540.46,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 16.627,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 15278.78
        },
        {
          "year": 2001,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2613.17,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 16.858,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 15500.83
        },
        {
          "year": 2002,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2654.78,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 16.541,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 16049.89
        },
        {
          "year": 2003,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2601.05,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 15.643,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 16628.01
        },
        {
          "year": 2004,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2719.41,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 15.615,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 17414.99
        },
        {
          "year": 2005,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2726.97,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 15.038,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 18134.08
        },
        {
          "year": 2006,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2761.59,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 14.659,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 18838.99
        },
        {
          "year": 2007,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2703.49,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 13.714,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 19713.961
        },
        {
          "year": 2008,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2694.72,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 13.405,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 20102.641
        },
        {
          "year": 2009,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2656.76,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 13.321,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 19943.51
        },
        {
          "year": 2010,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2725.91,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 12.82,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 21263.75
        },
        {
          "year": 2011,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2610.34,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 11.88,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 21972.029
        },
        {
          "year": 2012,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2432.22,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 10.802,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 22515.66
        },
        {
          "year": 2013,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2448.52,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 10.574,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 23155.029
        },
        {
          "year": 2014,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2498.73,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 10.522,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 23747.07
        },
        {
          "year": 2015,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2532.93,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 10.553,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 24002.35
        },
        {
          "year": 2016,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2571.05,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 10.411,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 24694.51
        },
        {
          "year": 2017,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2594.23,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 10.197,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 25441.039
        },
        {
          "year": 2018,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2658.7,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 10.046,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 26464.49
        },
        {
          "year": 2019,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2754.08,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 10.264,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 26832.42
        },
        {
          "year": 2020,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2648.33,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 9.91,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 26723.369
        },
        {
          "year": 2021,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2762.44,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 9.775,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 28259.07
        },
        {
          "year": 2022,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2639.64,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 9.128,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 28917.76
        },
        {
          "year": 2023,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2697.74,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 9.094,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 29665.34
        },
        {
          "year": 2024,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2777.11,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 8.979,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 30930.23
        },
        {
          "year": 2025,
          "nuclear_electricity_twh": 2811.57,
          "nuclear_share_elec": 8.849,
          "electricity_generation_twh": 31772.35
        }
      ],
      "source_name": "Our World in Data – Energy dataset (compiled from Ember Yearly Electricity Data and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy)",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/energy-data/f8de88a4f6f9cab44f1cf606047cbd6c4414042c/owid-energy-data.csv",
      "as_of": "2026-10-01",
      "confidence": "high",
      "notes": null
    }
  ]
}